Planets

A dwarf planet is a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough for its gravity to shape it into a nearly round form but has not cleared its orbital neighborhood of other debris.

A terrestrial planet is a rocky world with a solid surface primarily composed of silicate minerals and metals, distinct from gas or ice giants by its compact, dense structure and minimal volatile envelope.

Neptune-like planets are intermediate-sized giant planets characterized by substantial volatile content and hydrogen-helium envelopes, closely resembling Neptune in mass, radius, and composition.

A Mini-Neptune is a class of intermediate-sized planets smaller than Neptune but larger than Earth, distinguished by thick volatile-rich atmospheres that yield low overall densities.

A Hot Jupiter is a gas giant exoplanet similar in mass to Jupiter that orbits extremely close to its host star, resulting in very high surface temperatures.

A gas giant is a massive planet primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, characterized by a large radius, high mass, and an extensive atmosphere without a well-defined solid surface.

An ice giant is a type of giant planet whose interior is dominated by volatile substances such as water, ammonia, and methane, setting it apart from gas giants that are primarily hydrogen and helium.

An ocean planet is a type of planet dominated by a global, deep liquid-water ocean that may cover its entire surface, often with no exposed landmasses.

A Super-Earth is a planet with a mass larger than Earth's but significantly less than Neptune's, representing an intermediate class of planetary bodies with diverse compositions and characteristics.

A rogue planet is a planetary-mass object that drifts through space without being gravitationally bound to any star.

A Hot Neptune is a type of exoplanet similar in mass and size to Neptune but orbiting very close to its host star, resulting in high surface temperatures and distinctive atmospheric conditions.

A Cold Jupiter is a gas giant planet similar in mass and size to Jupiter, orbiting far from its host star with a low equilibrium temperature.

A carbon planet is a theoretical type of terrestrial planet whose bulk composition is dominated by carbon-rich materials such as carbides, graphite, and diamond, rather than the silicate minerals typical of Earth-like worlds.

Sub-Earth planets are planetary bodies smaller in mass and size than Earth, encompassing objects from Moon-sized up to just below Earth’s mass and radius.

A puffy or inflated planet is a gas giant distinguished by its unusually large radius relative to its mass, resulting in an exceptionally low density and a highly expanded atmosphere.

A Mercurian planet is a terrestrial world distinguished by an unusually large iron core, resulting in a high density relative to its size.

A circumbinary planet is a world that orbits around both stars of a binary star system, revolving around their common center of mass rather than a single star.

A Chthonian planet is a dense, rocky or metallic remnant core of a gas giant whose atmosphere has been stripped away by intense stellar radiation or tidal forces.